{"id":1580,"date":"2026-09-02T22:27:41","date_gmt":"2026-09-02T22:27:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ingenierosdejujuy.org.ar\/proyeccion125\/?p=1580"},"modified":"2026-09-14T10:36:20","modified_gmt":"2026-09-14T10:36:20","slug":"diseno-ingenieria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ingenierosdejujuy.org.ar\/proyeccion125\/diseno-ingenieria\/","title":{"rendered":"DISE\u00d1O + INGENIER\u00cdA"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ing. Ramiro Saravia<\/p>\n\n\n\n

MP 993-CI<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Empresa SIDERA <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Por <\/span>lo <\/span>general<\/span>, <\/span>la <\/span>pr\u00e1ctica <\/span>profesional <\/span>(<\/span>la <\/span>escala <\/span>de <\/span>los <\/span>trabajos<\/span>, <\/span>los <\/span>plazos<\/span>, <\/span>la <\/span>normativa<\/span>, <\/span>la <\/span>crisis permanente de <\/span>nuestro <\/span>pa\u00eds<\/span>) <\/span>nos <\/span>lleva <\/span>a <\/span>resolver <\/span>las <\/span>obras <\/span>de ingenier\u00eda <\/span>de <\/span>una manera <\/span>repetitiva <\/span>y <\/span>segura<\/span>. <\/span>Confiable<\/span>, <\/span>s\u00ed<\/span>. <\/span>Pero<\/span>, <\/span>al <\/span>fin<\/span>, <\/span>poco <\/span>entretenida<\/span>. <\/span>Cada <\/span>vez <\/span>m\u00e1s<\/span>, <\/span>a <\/span>los <\/span>ingenieros <\/span>se <\/span>nos <\/span>relega <\/span>de <\/span>la <\/span>libertad <\/span>del <\/span>dise\u00f1o <\/span>y <\/span>quedamos <\/span>enfrascados <\/span>en <\/span>normativas <\/span>for\u00e1neas<\/span>, <\/span>siempre <\/span>inflexibles<\/span>, <\/span>o <\/span>en <\/span>obras <\/span>monumentales <\/span>que <\/span>la gente <\/span>transita <\/span>a <\/span>110 <\/span>km<\/span>\/h <\/span>mirando <\/span>su <\/span>celular <\/span>y <\/span>que <\/span>nunca <\/span>comprender\u00e1n<\/span>. <\/span>Escondemos <\/span>nuestras <\/span>obras <\/span>con <\/span>muros <\/span>y <\/span>carcasas <\/span>o <\/span>las <\/span>enterramos<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hace <\/span>poco <\/span>nos <\/span>toc\u00f3 <\/span>trabajar <\/span>en <\/span>el <\/span>dise\u00f1o <\/span>y <\/span>la <\/span>construcci\u00f3n <\/span>de <\/span>la <\/span>pasarela <\/span>en <\/span>arco <\/span>sobre <\/span>el <\/span>r\u00edo <\/span>Xibi <\/span>Xibi <\/span>(<\/span>el <\/span>R\u00edo <\/span>Chico <\/span>de <\/span>todos <\/span>los <\/span>juje\u00f1os<\/span>)<\/span>, <\/span>paralela <\/span>al <\/span>puente <\/span>Mariano <\/span>Moreno<\/span>, <\/span>en <\/span>la <\/span>continuaci\u00f3n <\/span>de <\/span>la <\/span>calle <\/span>Senador <\/span>P\u00e9rez<\/span>. <\/span>Esa <\/span>obra <\/span>nos <\/span>permiti\u00f3<\/span>, <\/span>por <\/span>una <\/span>vez<\/span>, <\/span>ir <\/span>dise\u00f1ando <\/span>el <\/span>conjunto <\/span>con <\/span>la <\/span>libertad <\/span>de <\/span>un <\/span>estudiante<\/span>. <\/span>Fue <\/span>un <\/span>proceso <\/span>que <\/span>disfrutamos <\/span>mucho <\/span>y <\/span>que <\/span>queremos <\/span>intentar <\/span>transmitir <\/span>en <\/span>estas <\/span>l\u00edneas<\/span>, <\/span>sobre <\/span>todo <\/span>por <\/span>lo <\/span>simple <\/span>e <\/span>intuitivo <\/span>que <\/span>termin\u00f3 <\/span>siendo<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

La inspiraci\u00f3n vino de Jap\u00f3n\u00a0<\/strong><\/h5>\n

El <\/span>punto <\/span>de <\/span>partida <\/span>fue <\/span>una <\/span>pasarela <\/span>peatonal <\/span>del <\/span>distrito <\/span>Umekita<\/span>, <\/span>en <\/span>el <\/span>flamante <\/span>desarrollo <\/span>urbano Grand <\/span>Green <\/span>Osaka<\/span>, <\/span>frente <\/span>a <\/span>la <\/span>estaci\u00f3n central <\/span>de <\/span>Osaka<\/span>. <\/span>Aquella obra <\/span>est\u00e1 <\/span>resuelta <\/span>con <\/span>una <\/span>l\u00f3gica <\/span>estructural <\/span>muy <\/span>clara<\/span>: <\/span>grandes <\/span>tubos <\/span>de <\/span>acero <\/span>curvados <\/span>que <\/span>trabajan <\/span>como <\/span>arcos <\/span>y <\/span>descansan <\/span>sobre <\/span>apoyos articulados <\/span>anclados <\/span>en <\/span>bases <\/span>de <\/span>hormig\u00f3n<\/span>. <\/span>Emplazada <\/span>entre <\/span>rascacielos<\/span>, <\/span>demuestra <\/span>que una <\/span>estructura <\/span>puede <\/span>ser<\/span>, <\/span>al <\/span>mismo <\/span>tiempo<\/span>, <\/span>estructura <\/span>y <\/span>escultura <\/span>urbana<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nos propusimos <\/span>trasladar <\/span>ese <\/span>concepto <\/span>al <\/span>Xibi <\/span>Xibi<\/span>. <\/span>Un <\/span>arco <\/span>tubular <\/span>esbelto<\/span>, <\/span>de <\/span>l\u00edneas <\/span>puras<\/span>, <\/span>que cruce <\/span>el <\/span>r\u00edo <\/span>de <\/span>orilla <\/span>a <\/span>orilla <\/span>y <\/span>convierta <\/span>el <\/span>paso <\/span>peatonal <\/span>en <\/span>un <\/span>paseo<\/span>. <\/span>Despu\u00e9s<\/span>, <\/span>como <\/span>siempre<\/span>, <\/span>el <\/span>concepto se <\/span>sent\u00f3 <\/span>a <\/span>la mesa <\/span>de <\/span>c\u00e1lculo<\/span>. <\/span>Y <\/span>ah\u00ed <\/span>empez\u00f3 <\/span>lo <\/span>interesante<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

El <\/b>arco <\/b>empuja<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/h5>\n

Un <\/span>arco <\/span>cargado <\/span>tiende <\/span>a <\/span>abrirse<\/span>. <\/span>Es <\/span>su naturaleza<\/span>: <\/span>para <\/span>una <\/span>carga <\/span>repartida <\/span>q <\/span>sobre <\/span>una <\/span>luz <\/span>L <\/span>y <\/span>una <\/span>flecha <\/span>f<\/span>, <\/span>el <\/span>empuje\u00a0<\/span>horizontal en <\/span>los <\/span>arranques <\/span>vale <\/span>aproximadamente <\/span>H <\/span>= <\/span>qL2 <\/span>\/ <\/span>8f<\/span>. <\/span>De esa <\/span>expresi\u00f3n <\/span>se <\/span>leen <\/span>dos <\/span>cosas<\/span>. <\/span>Que <\/span>cuanto <\/span>m\u00e1s <\/span>chato <\/span>el <\/span>arco<\/span>, <\/span>mayor <\/span>el <\/span>empuje<\/span>. <\/span>Y <\/span>que <\/span>ese <\/span>empuje <\/span>alguien <\/span>lo <\/span>tiene <\/span>que <\/span>tomar<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

La <\/span>soluci\u00f3n <\/span>de <\/span>manual <\/span>es <\/span>el <\/span>tensor<\/span>: <\/span>una barra <\/span>que <\/span>une <\/span>los <\/span>dos <\/span>arranques<\/span>, <\/span>se <\/span>traga <\/span>el <\/span>empuje <\/span>y <\/span>deja <\/span>a las <\/span>fundaciones\u00a0 <\/span>\u00fanicamente <\/span>la <\/span>carga <\/span>vertical<\/span>. <\/span>Ac\u00e1 <\/span>el <\/span>tensor estaba <\/span>vedado<\/span>. <\/span>Un <\/span>tirante <\/span>a <\/span>nivel <\/span>de <\/span>arranques <\/span>hubiera <\/span>cruzado <\/span>el <\/span>cauce <\/span>de <\/span>punta <\/span>a <\/span>punta<\/span>, <\/span>quedando <\/span>expuesto <\/span>a <\/span>la <\/span>crecidas <\/span>del <\/span>r\u00edo <\/span>y <\/span>bloqueando <\/span>el <\/span>paso <\/span>de <\/span>los <\/span>equipos <\/span>que <\/span>mantienen <\/span>el <\/span>Parque <\/span>Xibi <\/span>Xibi<\/span>. <\/span>La <\/span>obra <\/span>no <\/span>pod\u00eda <\/span>hipotecar <\/span>el <\/span>mantenimiento <\/span>del\u00a0<\/span>parque<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Sin <\/span>tensor<\/span>, <\/span>el <\/span>empuje <\/span>va <\/span>al <\/span>terreno<\/span>. <\/span>Anclamos <\/span>los <\/span>apoyos a <\/span>bases <\/span>profundas <\/span>y <\/span>la <\/span>verificaci\u00f3n <\/span>que <\/span>gobern\u00f3 <\/span>el <\/span>dise\u00f1o no <\/span>fue <\/span>la <\/span>de <\/span>resistencia <\/span>sino <\/span>la <\/span>de <\/span>corrimiento<\/span>: <\/span>un <\/span>arco <\/span>es <\/span>extraordinariamente <\/span>sensible <\/span>al <\/span>desplazamiento <\/span>de <\/span>sus <\/span>arranques<\/span>. <\/span>Unos <\/span>pocos <\/span>mil\u00edmetros <\/span>de <\/span>apertura <\/span>corren <\/span>la <\/span>l\u00ednea <\/span>de <\/span>presiones <\/span>y <\/span>meten <\/span>flexi\u00f3n <\/span>justo <\/span>donde <\/span>hab\u00edamos <\/span>ido <\/span>a <\/span>buscar <\/span>compresi\u00f3n <\/span>pura<\/span>. <\/span>Por <\/span>eso <\/span>las <\/span>bases <\/span>se <\/span>dimensionaron <\/span>por deformaci\u00f3n<\/span>, <\/span>con <\/span>corrimientos <\/span>admisibles <\/span>del <\/span>orden <\/span>del <\/span>mil\u00edmetro<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Los <\/span>apoyos<\/span>, <\/span>en <\/span>cambio<\/span>, <\/span>se <\/span>resolvieron articulados<\/span>: <\/span>chapas <\/span>intercaladas <\/span>y <\/span>perno <\/span>pasante<\/span>. <\/span>Transmiten <\/span>compresi\u00f3n <\/span>y <\/span>empuje <\/span>horizontal<\/span>, <\/span>pero <\/span>no <\/span>momento<\/span>. <\/span>Es <\/span>una <\/span>decisi\u00f3n <\/span>que <\/span>simplifica <\/span>la <\/span>vida <\/span>en las <\/span>dos <\/span>puntas <\/span>del <\/span>proceso <\/span>en <\/span>el <\/span>modelo<\/span>, <\/span>porque <\/span>el <\/span>esquema <\/span>est\u00e1tico <\/span>queda\u00a0<\/span>est\u00e1tico <\/span>queda <\/span>definido <\/span>sin <\/span>ambig\u00fcedades <\/span>como <\/span>un <\/span>arco <\/span>biarticulado<\/span>; <\/span>y <\/span>en <\/span>obra<\/span>, <\/span>porque <\/span>un <\/span>apoyo <\/span>articulado <\/span>tolera <\/span>las <\/span>tolerancias <\/span>de <\/span>montaje <\/span>que <\/span>un <\/span>empotramiento <\/span>no <\/span>perdona<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

La <\/span><\/i>pasarela <\/span>del <\/span>distrito <\/span>Umekita<\/span>, <\/span>junto <\/span>a <\/span>la <\/span>estaci\u00f3n <\/span>de <\/span>Osaka <\/span><\/p>\n

El <\/b>arco <\/b>se <\/b>quiere <\/b>salir <\/b>del <\/strong>plano\u00a0<\/b><\/h5>\n

Resuelto <\/span>el <\/span>empuje<\/span>, <\/span>apareci\u00f3 <\/span>el <\/span>problema <\/span>cl\u00e1sico <\/span>de <\/span>todo <\/span>elemento <\/span>comprimido <\/span>y <\/span>esbelto<\/span>: <\/span>el <\/span>pandeo<\/span>. <\/span>Y <\/span>en <\/span>un <\/span>arco <\/span>delgado <\/span>el <\/span>pandeo <\/span>no <\/span>ocurre en <\/span>su <\/span>plano <\/span>(<\/span>ah\u00ed <\/span>la <\/span>forma <\/span>lo <\/span>defiende<\/span>) <\/span>sino <\/span>fuera <\/span>de <\/span>\u00e9l<\/span>. <\/span>Un <\/span>arco <\/span>solo<\/span>, <\/span>tomado <\/span>\u00fanicamente <\/span>de <\/span>sus <\/span>dos extremos<\/span>, <\/span>es <\/span>lateralmente <\/span>indefenso<\/span>: <\/span>el <\/span>mismo <\/span>esfuerzo <\/span>axil <\/span>que <\/span>lo <\/span>sostiene <\/span>es <\/span>el <\/span>que <\/span>lo <\/span>quiere <\/span>sacar <\/span>de <\/span>su <\/span>plano<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Otra <\/span>vez la <\/span>salida de <\/span>manual <\/span>eran <\/span>tensores o <\/span>vientos laterales<\/span>, <\/span>y <\/span>otra <\/span>vez <\/span>el <\/span>parque <\/span>nos <\/span>dec\u00eda <\/span>que <\/span>no <\/span>pod\u00edamos <\/span>(<\/span>o no <\/span>deb\u00edamos<\/span>) <\/span>entorpecer <\/span>el <\/span>uso <\/span>del <\/span>espacio <\/span>p\u00fablico <\/span>con <\/span>cables <\/span>tendidos <\/span>sobre <\/span>el <\/span>cauce<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

La respuesta <\/span>fue <\/span>geom\u00e9trica<\/span>, <\/span>y <\/span>es <\/span>para <\/span>nosotros <\/span>la <\/span>mejor <\/span>idea <\/span>de <\/span>la <\/span>obra<\/span>: <\/span>en <\/span>lugar <\/span>de <\/span>un <\/span>arco<\/span>, <\/span>dos <\/span>arcos <\/span>curvados <\/span>en <\/span>sentido <\/span>opuesto <\/span>en <\/span>planta<\/span>, <\/span>vinculados <\/span>entre <\/span>s\u00ed <\/span>por <\/span>vigas <\/span>transversales <\/span>y <\/span>por <\/span>reticulados <\/span>triangulados <\/span>en <\/span>los <\/span>tramos\u00a0<\/span>extremos<\/span>, <\/span>donde se <\/span>abren <\/span>hasta los <\/span>3,00 <\/span>metros <\/span>de <\/span>separaci\u00f3n <\/span>sobre <\/span>los <\/span>apoyos<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Con <\/span>esa <\/span>maniobra <\/span>el <\/span>par <\/span>deja <\/span>de <\/span>ser <\/span>dos <\/span>elementos <\/span>planos <\/span>y <\/span>pasa <\/span>a <\/span>ser <\/span>una <\/span>estructura <\/span>espacial<\/span>. <\/span>Cada arco <\/span>toma <\/span>la <\/span>componente <\/span>lateral <\/span>del <\/span>otro<\/span>; <\/span>la <\/span>separaci\u00f3n <\/span>en <\/span>los <\/span>arranques <\/span>le <\/span>da <\/span>al <\/span>conjunto <\/span>un <\/span>brazo <\/span>de <\/span>palanca <\/span>en <\/span>planta <\/span>que <\/span>un <\/span>arco <\/span>aislado <\/span>no <\/span>tiene<\/span>; <\/span>y <\/span>la <\/span>rigidez <\/span>torsional <\/span>del <\/span>sistema <\/span>crece <\/span>de <\/span>manera <\/span>desproporcionada <\/span>respecto <\/span>del <\/span>acero <\/span>agregado<\/span>. <\/span>El <\/span>arriostramiento <\/span>dej\u00f3 <\/span>de <\/span>ser <\/span>un <\/span>elemento <\/span>colgado <\/span>de <\/span>la <\/span>estructura <\/span>para <\/span>pasar <\/span>a <\/span>ser <\/span>la <\/span>estructura <\/span>misma<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Que se pueda <\/strong>cruzar\u00a0<\/b><\/h5>\n

Una <\/span>pasarela <\/span>es<\/span>, <\/span>antes <\/span>que <\/span>una <\/span>estructura<\/span>, <\/span>un <\/span>camino<\/span>. <\/span>Fijamos <\/span>como <\/span>criterio <\/span>de <\/span>dise\u00f1o <\/span>una <\/span>pendiente <\/span>m\u00e1xima <\/span>del <\/span>8 <\/span>% <\/span>en <\/span>el <\/span>tablero<\/span>, <\/span>dentro <\/span>de <\/span>los <\/span>l\u00edmites <\/span>que <\/span>la normativa <\/span>de <\/span>accesibilidad <\/span>admite <\/span>para <\/span>rampas <\/span>peatonales<\/span>. <\/span>Ese <\/span>n\u00famero<\/span>, <\/span>que <\/span>parece <\/span>un <\/span>detalle <\/span>de <\/span>terminaci\u00f3n<\/span>, <\/span>termin\u00f3 <\/span>gobernando <\/span>la <\/span>geometr\u00eda <\/span>completa<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Fijada <\/span>la <\/span>pendiente <\/span>y <\/span>fijada <\/span>la <\/span>altura <\/span>libre <\/span>necesaria <\/span>sobre <\/span>el <\/span>cauce<\/span>, <\/span>quedan <\/span>autom\u00e1ticamente <\/span>definidos <\/span>el <\/span>desarrollo <\/span>del <\/span>tablero <\/span>y<\/span>, <\/span>con <\/span>\u00e9l<\/span>, <\/span>la <\/span>luz <\/span>y <\/span>la <\/span>flecha <\/span>del <\/span>arco<\/span>. <\/span>Dicho de <\/span>otro <\/span>modo: <\/span>la <\/span>forma <\/span>final <\/span>no <\/span>sali\u00f3 <\/span>de <\/span>un <\/span>gesto <\/span>de <\/span>dise\u00f1o<\/span>, <\/span>sali\u00f3 <\/span>de <\/span>una <\/span>restricci\u00f3n <\/span>de <\/span>accesibilidad<\/span>. <\/span>El <\/span>tablero <\/span>asciende <\/span>con <\/span>una <\/span>pendiente <\/span>suave <\/span>del <\/span>8<\/span>% <\/span>hacia <\/span>el <\/span>centro <\/span>del <\/span>cruce <\/span>y <\/span>desciende <\/span>con <\/span>la <\/span>misma <\/span>ley <\/span>hacia <\/span>la <\/span>otra <\/span>orilla<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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El <\/b>problema <\/b>que <\/b>casi <\/b>voltea <\/b>el <\/b>proyecto\u00a0<\/b><\/h5>\n

Una <\/span>pasarela <\/span>peatonal <\/span>no <\/span>se <\/span>calcula <\/span>s\u00f3lo <\/span>por <\/span>resistencia<\/span>. <\/span>Se <\/span>calcula<\/span>, <\/span>sobre <\/span>todo<\/span>, <\/span>por <\/span>c\u00f3mo <\/span>se <\/span>siente <\/span>al <\/span>caminarla<\/span>. <\/span>Y <\/span>el <\/span>primer <\/span>modelo <\/span>nos <\/span>devolvi\u00f3 <\/span>un dato <\/span>inc\u00f3modo<\/span>: <\/span>un <\/span>per\u00edodo <\/span>natural <\/span>de vibraci\u00f3n <\/span>muy <\/span>cercano <\/span>a <\/span>1 <\/span>segundo<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Un <\/span>peat\u00f3n <\/span>camina <\/span>a <\/span>unos <\/span>dos <\/span>pasos <\/span>por <\/span>segundo <\/span>(<\/span>del <\/span>orden <\/span>de <\/span>2 <\/span>Hz <\/span>en vertical<\/span>) <\/span>y <\/span>su <\/span>empuje <\/span>lateral <\/span>aparece <\/span>cerca <\/span>de <\/span>1 <\/span>Hz<\/span>. <\/span>Las <\/span>recomendaciones <\/span>internacionales <\/span>para <\/span>pasarelas <\/span>piden <\/span>verificaci\u00f3n <\/span>din\u00e1mica <\/span>cuando <\/span>las <\/span>frecuencias <\/span>verticales <\/span>caen <\/span>por <\/span>debajo <\/span>de <\/span>unos <\/span>5 <\/span>Hz <\/span>y <\/span>las <\/span>laterales <\/span>por <\/span>debajo <\/span>de <\/span>unos <\/span>2,5 <\/span>Hz<\/span>. <\/span>Un <\/span>per\u00edodo <\/span>de <\/span>1 <\/span>segundo <\/span>es <\/span>exactamente <\/span>1 <\/span>Hz: <\/span>de <\/span>lleno <\/span>en <\/span>la <\/span>zona <\/span>donde <\/span>el <\/span>paso <\/span>de <\/span>la <\/span>gente <\/span>puede <\/span>sincronizarse <\/span>con <\/span>la <\/span>estructura <\/span>y <\/span>realimentarla<\/span>. <\/span>Con <\/span>ese <\/span>n\u00famero<\/span>, <\/span>la <\/span>alternativa <\/span>era <\/span>inviable<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

El <\/span>camino <\/span>fue <\/span>rigidizar <\/span>sin <\/span>engordar<\/span>. <\/span>La <\/span>frecuencia <\/span>crece <\/span>con <\/span>la <\/span>ra\u00edz <\/span>de <\/span>la <\/span>rigidez <\/span>y <\/span>baja <\/span>con <\/span>la <\/span>ra\u00edz <\/span>de <\/span>la <\/span>masa<\/span>, <\/span>de <\/span>modo <\/span>que <\/span>sumar <\/span>chapa <\/span>por <\/span>las <\/span>dudas <\/span>es <\/span>contraproducente<\/span>: <\/span>agrega <\/span>masa <\/span>tan <\/span>r\u00e1pido <\/span>como <\/span>rigidez<\/span>. <\/span>Despu\u00e9s <\/span>de <\/span>muchos <\/span>modelos <\/span>din\u00e1micos<\/span>, <\/span>la <\/span>soluci\u00f3n <\/span>lleg\u00f3 <\/span>por <\/span>la <\/span>forma<\/span>: <\/span>incorporamos\u00a0<\/span>reticulados <\/span>en <\/span>los <\/span>tramos <\/span>de <\/span>apoyo<\/span>, <\/span>triangulando <\/span>los <\/span>extremos<\/span>, <\/span>y <\/span>terminamos <\/span>creando <\/span>dos <\/span>m\u00e9nsulas <\/span>articuladas <\/span>entre <\/span>s\u00ed <\/span>en <\/span>la <\/span>clave<\/span>. <\/span>El <\/span>arco <\/span>dej\u00f3 <\/span>de <\/span>ser <\/span>una <\/span>barra <\/span>curva <\/span>y <\/span>pas\u00f3 <\/span>a <\/span>ser <\/span>un <\/span>sistema <\/span>con <\/span>rigidez <\/span>concentrada <\/span>donde <\/span>el <\/span>modelo <\/span>la <\/span>ped\u00eda<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Del taller al r\u00edo\u00a0<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Ninguna <\/span>pieza <\/span>de <\/span>m\u00e1s <\/span>de <\/span>12 <\/span>metros <\/span>viaja <\/span>entera <\/span>por <\/span>la <\/span>calle<\/span>. <\/span>Con <\/span>33,84 <\/span>metros <\/span>de <\/span>longitud <\/span>total<\/span>, <\/span>el <\/span>arco <\/span>se <\/span>construy\u00f3 <\/span>completo <\/span>en <\/span>taller<\/span>, <\/span>se <\/span>seccion\u00f3 <\/span>en <\/span>tres <\/span>tramos <\/span>de <\/span>11,28 <\/span>metros <\/span>y <\/span>se <\/span>empalm\u00f3 <\/span>en <\/span>obra<\/span>. <\/span>Fabricar entero <\/span>y <\/span>despu\u00e9s <\/span>cortar <\/span>(<\/span>y <\/span>no <\/span>fabricar <\/span>por <\/span>partes<\/span>) <\/span>es <\/span>lo <\/span>que <\/span>garantiza <\/span>que <\/span>la <\/span>curvatura <\/span>y <\/span>el <\/span>alabeo <\/span>del <\/span>conjunto <\/span>sean <\/span>los <\/span>del <\/span>modelo <\/span>y <\/span>no <\/span>la <\/span>suma <\/span>de <\/span>tres <\/span>aproximaciones<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

El <\/span>montaje <\/span>tuvo <\/span>su <\/span>propio <\/span>hallazgo<\/span>, <\/span>y <\/span>es <\/span>de <\/span>esas <\/span>cosas <\/span>que <\/span>no <\/span>aparecen <\/span>en <\/span>ning\u00fan <\/span>c\u00e1lculo<\/span>: <\/span>aprovechamos <\/span>la <\/span>cercan\u00eda <\/span>del <\/span>puente <\/span>Mariano <\/span>Moreno <\/span>como <\/span>plataforma <\/span>de <\/span>montaje<\/span>. <\/span>La <\/span>gr\u00faa <\/span>trabaj\u00f3 <\/span>desde <\/span>la <\/span>calzada <\/span>del <\/span>puente <\/span>y <\/span>baj\u00f3 <\/span>las <\/span>piezas <\/span>directamente <\/span>sobre <\/span>sus <\/span>apoyos<\/span>, <\/span>sin <\/span>construir <\/span>accesos <\/span>ni <\/span>caminos <\/span>provisorios <\/span>dentro <\/span>del <\/span>parque <\/span>y <\/span>sin <\/span>bajar <\/span>equipos <\/span>al <\/span>cauce<\/span>. <\/span>La <\/span>obra <\/span>us\u00f3 <\/span>la <\/span>infraestructura <\/span>vecina <\/span>como <\/span>andamio<\/span>. <\/span>Toda <\/span>la <\/span>estructura <\/span>(<\/span>dise\u00f1o<\/span>, <\/span>c\u00e1lculo<\/span>, <\/span>fabricaci\u00f3n <\/span>y <\/span>montaje<\/span>) <\/span>fue <\/span>hecha <\/span>por <\/span>manos <\/span>juje\u00f1as<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

El <\/span>arco <\/span>ya <\/span>colocado<\/span>, <\/span>visto <\/span>desde <\/span>el <\/span>cauce <\/span>del <\/span>Xibi <\/span>Xibi<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

La <\/b>obra <\/b>en n\u00fameros\u00a0<\/b><\/h5>\n

Longitud <\/span>total<\/span>: <\/span>33,84 <\/span>m<\/span>, <\/span>en <\/span>tres tramos <\/span>de <\/span>fabricaci\u00f3n<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ancho <\/span>de paso<\/span>: <\/span>1,50 <\/span>m <\/span>Separaci\u00f3n <\/span>entre <\/span>arcos <\/span>en los <\/span>apoyos<\/span>: <\/span>3,00 <\/span>m<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Arcos<\/span>: <\/span>ca\u00f1os <\/span>de <\/span>acero <\/span>de <\/span>300 <\/span>mm <\/span>de <\/span>di\u00e1metro <\/span>(<\/span>CH <\/span>40<\/span>)<\/span>, <\/span>curvados<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Tablero<\/span>: <\/span>largueros <\/span>PNC <\/span>100<\/span>\u00d7<\/span>50 <\/span>con <\/span>piso <\/span>de <\/span>metal <\/span>desplegado <\/span><\/p>\n

(<\/span>~<\/span>12 <\/span>kg<\/span>\/<\/span>m2<\/span>)<\/span>, <\/span>superficie <\/span>liviana <\/span>y <\/span>antideslizante<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Barandas<\/span>: <\/span>tubulares <\/span>de <\/span>dise\u00f1o <\/span>curvo<\/span>, <\/span>postes <\/span>de <\/span>3<\/span>\u00bb <\/span>y <\/span>pasamanos <\/span>de <\/span>11\u20442<\/span>\u00ab<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pendiente <\/span>m\u00e1xima <\/span>del <\/span>tablero<\/span>: <\/span>8<\/span>%<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Esquema <\/span>est\u00e1tico<\/span>: <\/span>arco <\/span>biarticulado<\/span>, <\/span>sin <\/span>tensor<\/span>; <\/span>empuje <\/span>transferido <\/span>a <\/span>bases <\/span>profundas <\/span>de hormig\u00f3n <\/span>armado <\/span>protegidas <\/span>con <\/span>gaviones<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Primer <\/span>modo <\/span>de <\/span>vibraci\u00f3n<\/span>: <\/span>T<\/span>=<\/span>0,2 <\/span>s <\/span>(<\/span>5 <\/span>Hz<\/span>)<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Lo <\/b>que <\/b>nos <\/b>dej\u00f3\u00a0<\/strong><\/h5>\n

Nada <\/span>de <\/span>lo <\/span>anterior <\/span>es <\/span>espectacular <\/span>en <\/span>t\u00e9rminos <\/span>de <\/span>ingenier\u00eda<\/span>. <\/span>Son <\/span>cuatro <\/span>problemas <\/span>conocidos<\/span>, <\/span>con <\/span>soluciones <\/span>que <\/span>est\u00e1n <\/span>en <\/span>los <\/span>libros<\/span>. <\/span>Lo <\/span>que <\/span>hizo <\/span>distinta <\/span>a <\/span>esta <\/span>obra <\/span>fue <\/span>el <\/span>orden <\/span>en <\/span>que <\/span>aparecieron <\/span>y <\/span>la <\/span>libertad <\/span>con <\/span>la <\/span>que <\/span>solucionaron<\/span>: <\/span>el <\/span>mantenimiento <\/span>del <\/span>cauce<\/span>, <\/span>el <\/span>uso <\/span>del <\/span>parque<\/span>, <\/span>la <\/span>accesibilidad<\/span>, <\/span>la <\/span>gente <\/span>caminando <\/span>fue <\/span>empujando <\/span>la <\/span>forma <\/span>hasta <\/span>dejarla <\/span>donde <\/span>est\u00e1<\/span>. <\/span>No <\/span>hubo <\/span>una <\/span>forma linda <\/span>a <\/span>la <\/span>que <\/span>despu\u00e9s <\/span>se <\/span>le <\/span>busc\u00f3 <\/span>una <\/span>justificaci\u00f3n <\/span>estructural<\/span>. <\/span>Hubo <\/span>un <\/span>problema <\/span>por <\/span>vez<\/span>, <\/span>y <\/span>una <\/span>decisi\u00f3n <\/span>por <\/span>problema<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Esa <\/span>es<\/span>, <\/span>quiz\u00e1s<\/span>, <\/span>la <\/span>parte <\/span>que <\/span>m\u00e1s <\/span>nos gust\u00f3 <\/span>del <\/span>proceso<\/span>, <\/span>y <\/span>la <\/span>que <\/span>m\u00e1s <\/span>se <\/span>parece <\/span>a <\/span>cuando <\/span>uno <\/span>estudia<\/span>: <\/span>la <\/span>libertad <\/span>de <\/span>mirar <\/span>un <\/span>problema <\/span>y <\/span>poder <\/span>optar <\/span>por <\/span>la <\/span>soluci\u00f3n <\/span>m\u00e1s <\/span>elegante y <\/span>t\u00e9cnicamente correcta<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

La <\/span>pasarela <\/span>lleva <\/span>el <\/span>nombre <\/span>del <\/span>ingeniero <\/span>Manuel <\/span>P\u00e9rez <\/span>quien fue <\/span>maestro<\/span>, <\/span>ingeniero<\/span>, <\/span>gobernador <\/span>y fundador <\/span>de <\/span>la <\/span>primera <\/span>universidad <\/span>juje\u00f1a<\/span>, <\/span>mentor <\/span>de <\/span>nuestra <\/span>empresa<\/span>. <\/span>Que <\/span>una <\/span>obra <\/span>que <\/span>une <\/span>las <\/span>dos <\/span>orillas <\/span>del <\/span>Xibi <\/span>Xibi <\/span>lleve <\/span>su <\/span>nombre<\/span>, <\/span>y <\/span>est\u00e9 <\/span>hecha adem\u00e1s <\/span>en <\/span>Jujuy<\/span>, <\/span>nos <\/span>parece la <\/span>forma <\/span>m\u00e1s <\/span>justa <\/span>de <\/span>recordarlo<\/span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

La <\/span>pasarela <\/span>\u00ab<<\/span>Ing<\/span>. <\/span>Manuel <\/span>P\u00e9rez<\/span>\u00bb<\/span>, <\/span>terminada<\/span>, <\/span>sobre <\/span>el <\/span>Xibi <\/span>Xibi <\/span>en <\/span>paralelo <\/span>al <\/span>puente <\/span>Mariano <\/span>Moreno\u00a0<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ing. Ramiro Saravia MP 993-CI Empresa SIDERA  Por lo general, la pr\u00e1ctica profesional (la escala de los trabajos, los plazos, la normativa, la crisis permanente de nuestro pa\u00eds) nos lleva a resolver las obras de ingenier\u00eda de una manera repetitiva y segura. Confiable, s\u00ed. Pero, al fin, poco entretenida. Cada vez m\u00e1s, a los ingenieros…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1581,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1580","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-infraestructura"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t